Nine Known Copies of the Browning High Power

[jaypee]

NINE KNOWN COPIES OF THE BROWNING HIGH POWER

TERMS COMMON TO DISCUSSING HIGH POWER COPIES.

“CLONE,” “COPY,” AND “KNOCKOFF” - Generally, the terms “clone” and “copy,” when referring to a firearm copied from another, are considered to be synonymous, and neither connotes a license to produce or lack thereof. That issue has to be established separately, as seen in the next section’s treatment of the terms “License-Built” and “Unauthorized.” The term “knockoff” is sometimes used as a substitute, and can have several meanings, so its users should be aware that its definition may not be entirely specific when using it.   

 "LICENSE BUILT" AND "UNAUTHORIZED" - “License built” is a term that refers to a clone or copy of a patented part, assembly, or firearm, built or being built with the lawful permission of the patent holder. An “unauthorized” clone or copy is one produced without the permission of the patent holder.   

“FAKE”   “Fake” is a term that implies an intent to deceive another. For our purposes, a “fake” firearm is one in which the markings are not truly the markings of the actual manufacturer and were deliberately applied with intent to deceive. “Counterfeit” is an often-used synonym.  

1. THE FEG HI POWER AND HI POWER STYLE CLONES OF THE BROWNING HIGH POWER PISTOL

In 1970 the Hungarian government arms plant known as FEG began producing a very faithful copy of the Browning High Power pistol. It was completely reverse-engineered. Called the P9 by the factory, it was an unauthorized copy of the Pre-Mark II Browning High Power. In fact, the FEG High Power pistols are such faithful copies that quite a number of Browning parts may be used in them.

In 1986-87, and again from 1992 to 2004, they were imported into the U.S.A. in very large numbers by importers like Kassnar, KBI, CAI, SSME, and TGI. These FEG pistols became immensely popular with American shooters and are probably the source of more internet discussions than any other copy or clone of the BHP. These faithful copies of John Browning’s design are correctly referred to as “FEG High Powers.” 

This is one of the most common FEG Hi Power pistols, the Kassnar Imports/KBI PJK-9HP

As time passed, FEG engineers began to make changes to the basic design of these pistols, beginning with minor modifications to the safety lever and slide stop, and going so far as to adopt a system of slide/frame/barrel interaction that deviated tremendously from Mr. Browning’s system employed in his FN-built High Power. Once these deviations from the Browning design began to be introduced it was no longer appropriate to call these pistols “High Powers.” Instead, they became “High Power style” pistols.

The FEG Hi Power pistols are, unfortunately, such good copies that they have been used to create counterfeit Browning High Power pistols, as will be discussed down the page. They are also good enough copies to be used as counterfeit frames in custom built Hi Power pistols, said frames purporting to be BHP frames. Buyers of custom High Power pistols should be aware of this and also be aware that the serial number scheme used by FEG on its frames is quite different from that used by Browning. The FEG Hi Power serial numbers consist of one letter followed by five numerals, with a space between the letter and the numerals. The BHP serial number scheme is quite different from the FEG, and can readily be differentiated from it. The Browning Hi Power serial number schemes used since 1954 can be viewed at www.browning.com/support/date-your-firearm/hi-power-pistol.html. It is a  good idea to check on this before purchasing a custom Hi Power pistol.

This is one of my FEG PJK-9HP's with a typical FEG serial number on the slide and barrel. 
The letter is usually omitted on the serial number on the barrel.

This is the same pistol showing the location of the serial number on the front of the grip frame.

This is a FEG double action pistol that is often mislabeled as a "FEG Hi Power."
The Smith and Wesson influence is obvious.

NOTE: During this time FEG also introduced a line of double action semiautomatic pistols that were largely based on the Smith and Wesson Model 59 design. Despite this, sellers began referring to them as “FEG Hi Powers,” and “Hi Power clones.” Nothing could be further from the truth. Design-wise, these double action pistols have very little in common with John Browning’s design beyond some cosmetic similarity at the front of the slide and the Colt/Browning locking system, and should never be referred to as “High Powers” “FEG High Powers,” “High Power clones,” or “High Power copies.” They simply are not any of those things. They are most properly referred to as “FEG double-action pistols”.

2. THE CHARLES DALY HI POWER

The Charles Daly Hi Power is simply a FEG P9 imported by KBI in kit form and finished in the U.S.A. by subcontractors Dan Wesson and Magnum Research. This was an attempt to market a domestic Hi Power pistol, and all of them are marked “Made in U.S.A.” on their frames. It is a faithful copy of the pre-Mark II High Power except for large sight dovetails milled in the slide for custom sights, an extended safety lever, and a firing pin retaining plate milled off to accept a large rear sight.

An excellent example of the CDHP as it came out of the box - except that the magazine safety has been removed.

It is correct to refer to this pistol as the “Charles Daly Hi Power," which is often abbreviated in gun forum discussions as the “CDHP.”

3. HIGH POWER PISTOLS and COPIES MANUFACTURED IN ARGENTINA

Almost as frequently discussed are the High Power variants made in Argentina, which also tend to be the subject of a good deal of confusion. This is mainly due to the fact that Argentina produced both licensed FN copies and unauthorized copies at different times but by the same conglomerate - Direccion General Fabrications Militares, or FM for short.

Both versions are often referred to as “Argentine Hi Powers” on internet discussion forums, and this has worsened the confusion considerably because it fails to distinguish between the licensed and unauthorized copies. So, we will offer this brief clarification in hopes of helping everyone arrive at a clear understanding of these pistols and their history.

In 1969 the Argentine government negotiated an agreement with FN in Belgium to manufacture their High Power pistol under license in Argentina. The guns produced under this license are Browning High Powers in every respect, being essentially a copy of the 1965 version of the High Power. They were built from FN plans to FN standards, and are generally considered to be the qualitative equal of the European High Powers. These pistols are “license-built copies,” and were produced until 1989.

After the licensing agreement with FN expired in 1989, the Argentine government’s FM complex, which had made the earlier license-built FN copies, made some fairly minor cosmetic modifications to the FN design and continued to produce the pistol, beginning in 1990, as the FM 90, and later as the updated FM 95. These pistols are unauthorized copies. They are serviceable arms but they were not built to FN standards of fit and finish and are generally considered to be utilitarian military-grade pistols. They are not considered to be the qualitative equal of the license-built Browning High Power copies made between 1969 and 1989.

Buyers should take care to make sure they know which variant they are buying, as the license built FN variant is more valuable in the marketplace than the unauthorized copies, the FM90 and FM95, and the internet is alive with incorrect information about them. Here’s how you can tell them apart.

The most visible difference is in the front and rear ends of the slide. The license built copies have traditional Hi Power contours up front and typical fine FN slide serrations in the rear. The FM 90 and 95 have the frontal slide contours of the M1911 pistol, omitting the machine operations necessary to slim it down up front like the BHP, and having very coarse serrations in the rear of the slide. The photos below illustrate the differences between the license-built copies and the unauthorized copies.

This is an example of the license-built copy of the Browning High Power.
Note the typical BHP contours at the front of the slide and the fine serrations at the rear of the slide.




This is the first of the unauthorized FM clones, the FM 90.
Note the 1911 style contours at the front of the slide and the coarser slide serrations.




This is the second, or updated, unauthorized FM clone, the FM 95. Again note the slide contours and serrations.
This particular model is known for having its model number and name emblazoned on the slide.

As a side note, the FM concern also produced a very popular compact model known as the “Detective Model” that features a shortened slide, barrel, and recoil system. This model is usually known as the “FM Detective Model.” In addition to providing the Detective Model as a completed pistol, the FM concern also marketed “Detective Kits” consisting of a compact slide, barrel and recoil system. These are also very popular and have been used to build custom pistols using other components provided by the buyer. These are very popular topics of conversation on the internet forums.

This is the immensely popular "Detective Model." 

4. THE KAREEN HI POWER

Like other Middle Eastern guns, an accurate history of the “Kareen” pistols is extremely hard to come by. Arguments have raged for years over who provided parts and assemblies for them. There seems to be a fair amount of general agreement that the Mk I pistols were made in Israel at the J & O Israel Arms & Ammunition Ltd. Plant, and that they were basically FEG P9 pistols made of a mix of FEG parts and of parts manufactured in Israel. The Kareens were apparently made in three progressive models ranging from the original FEG P9 (Mk I) to the more stylized, modern looking Mark II. There was also a Mark III, which differed from the JMB design significantly and cannot be considered a copy or clone. And while there is some agreement about the lineage of the Mark I, the Mark II is a completely different story.

The Kareen Mk. I, believed to be a FEG P9.

The Kareen Mk. II

There are those who are convinced that the Kareen Mk II  was built by Arcus in Bulgaria. Others maintain that the Mk II was made in Israel from raw frames and slides produced by Arcus, with other parts being provided by the Israelis. Still others maintain that these pistols were entirely of Israeli manufacture. The issue is still being hotly debated and we can add little in the way of an authoritative conclusion.

5. THE ARCUS HI POWER STYLE PISTOLS

The Arcus variant entered production in Bulgaria as an unauthorized and stylized copy of the High Power in 1994, first in a single action version called the Model 94 and 94C. The single action Model 94 is reasonably faithful to the Browning design internally and, although it has been moderately restyled on the exterior, is still reasonably similar in appearance to the Browning High Power. The Model 94C is simply a shortened compact model of the full-size Model 94. From all appearances these pistols are indeed unauthorized High Power copies.

The Arcus Model 94 - restyled but still recognizable as a High Power copy.
This is a single action pistol.

6. FAKE FN P-35’S PRODUCED BY FEG

It is now reasonably well-established that at some time in the last forty years the Hungarian government arms conglomerate FEG produced a large number of counterfeit Browning High Powers for use mainly by Middle Eastern forces, widely believed to be those of Iraq, although this has never been proven conclusively. These were FEG-produced clones that bore FN labels and proof marks and, with full intent to deceive, purported to be authentic Browning High Powers. Terms such as “Fake FEG-made FN P-35’s,” or “Fake FEG-made BHP’s,” appear to be entirely justified. The term “counterfeit” is often substituted for “fake” in references to these pistols.

A fake FEG-produced BHP owned by our Admin, CXM. The grips are new.

Left side view


7. THE INDIAN MK IA PISTOL

According to the limited amount of information available, these pistols were unauthorized copies of the Canadian Inglis No. 2 Mk. 1* High Power pistol of World War II. It is believed they were made by the Indian Government at its Rifle Factory Ishapore sometime in the1980’s. There is no information available as to the numbers produced, but they were made in sufficient numbers to be used as an issue military and police pistol in the service of India, and to be exported for commercial sales on a limited basis. Some authorities have claimed that these pistols were made on original Inglis machinery purchased by India, while others dispute this.

The Indian Ordnance Mk. IA copy of the Canadian Inglis No. 2 Mk. 1* pistol of World War II,
with its distinctive "Podium" rear sight.

8. THE INDONESIAN PINDAD

Precious little is known about this pistol. It was an unauthorized copy of a mid-50’s model High Power pistol, and was produced in Indonesia. Production is believed to have begun in the mid-1960’s and it was still in service with Indonesian forces in the mid-1970’s. Approximately 30,000 are believed to have been built.

No photographs have been located for this pistol.
Edit 11/22/2023, many thanks to pjk9hp for locating images of the Pinda

9. THE TISAS “CANUCK”

The Tisas firm of Turkey has produced a very recent copy of the BHP that is being marketed in Canada as the “Canuck.” This pistol has not been exported to the United States yet so there are no informative reviews available, only photographs. It appears to be an unauthorized copy of a Pre-MK II Hi Power, having the hump and bump sights, rowel hammer, small factory safety, and stylized wooden grips. It appears to have omitted the hog nose bushing. The pistol is said to be a 9mm Parabellum.

The Tisas Canuck-an unauthorized copy of a pre-Mk.II Browning High Power

CONCLUSIONS 

As you might have guessed, credible information about the clones can be extremely hard to come by, even when produced by noted authors on the subject. The internet is rife with bad information about them, and authors of books sometimes disagree or fail to update their material as time passes. Part of the problem with information stems from the fact that the clones are often inexpensive “foreign” guns that aren’t held in any esteem at all until they dry up, after which time everyone wants to know the most minute details about them - long after that information has disappeared.

In arriving at the information presented in this passage we have made every effort to make sure it is credible, and where disagreement exists we simply give both sides and let the reader decide for himself. Quite often, information concerning details such as markings, features, production dates and totals just cannot be found.

We would like to thank the members who provided valuable information and assistance in producing this passage. Their help was most valuable.

Your comments are also most valuable.

End 

[Deleted]

Here's a couple more:


BAFORD ARMS:

In the late '80s there was a small Tennessee company called Baford Arms that made a stainless steel Hi Power. Not many were made and I've read mixed reviews about them. One of the features was a reportedly removable barrel bushing.

Click on the photos and they get bigger:

Attachments:

[Deleted]

FAMCO:

Now out of business, the Florida Arms Company (FAMCO) made Hi Power frames from stainless steel, carbon steel and aluminum.  Slides could be had in stainless or carbon steel.  FAMCO's products were based on the FN MK III pattern, and went for around $600 for each half - stripped. Reportedly they were amenable to both 9mm and .40 S&W variants.

If anybody knows Vern (AKA "VMR357") from the other forum, Vern as a couple and has posted photos of them.
FAMCO went Kaput and sold off their surplus to Elite Warrior Armaments, who is selling custom Hi Powers in drips and drabs.
The less said about them, the better.

[pjk9hp]

can this be included?

1. by Springfield Armory
photobucket.com/gallery/user/garyeastridge/media/cGF0aDovU0FIUC0xLmpwZw==/?ref=

2. by 10-Ring Precision (or is this just a customwork?)
www.tenring.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/HighPower.jpg

3. by Elite Warrior Armamnent (Chuck Warner)
www.1911addicts.com/threads/elite-warrior-armament-classic-p35.27444/

4. by Atmaca (or MKEK)....not sure if this is Turkish in origin
2.bp.blogspot.com/-6pIeHd-vgHw/UFpMyBNRkOI/AAAAAAAAAbc/irdNv6aLVFw/s1600/Atmaca.jpg
silahmerkezi.com/atmaca.asp

Oh, some photo or reference link to Kolkata HP (India) and Pindad HP (Indonesia):
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Pistol_Auto_9_mm_1A_-_Kolkata_2012-01-23_8779.JPG
gibri.wordpress.com/2016/02/15/ks-pistol-p1-pindad/

[pjk9hp]

oh, don't forget the Mauser (also by FEG)
www.ar15.com/forums/t_5_39/154195_Mauser_Werke_High_Power_Clone.html

[jaypee]

Jun 29, 2017 4:54:38 GMT -5 pjk9hp said:

oh, don't forget the Mauser (also by FEG)
www.ar15.com/forums/t_5_39/154195_Mauser_Werke_High_Power_Clone.html

The FEG P9 was marketed under several names, among which was the Mauser Model 80SA you're referring to. It was also marketed under the names Luger M80 and Charles Daly Hi Power. It was rebranded in a number of instances, not all of which made it to the United States or are well known. Some even became counterfeit BHP's.  I have seen a photo of one marked "Kassnar London" about which there is no information available, but it is a FEG P9. So the gun definitely got around. 

JayPee

[pjk9hp]

Jun 29, 2017 6:56:28 GMT -5 jaypee said:

Jun 29, 2017 4:54:38 GMT -5 pjk9hp said:

oh, don't forget the Mauser (also by FEG)
www.ar15.com/forums/t_5_39/154195_Mauser_Werke_High_Power_Clone.html

The FEG P9 was marketed under several names, among which was the Mauser Model 80SA you're referring to. It was also marketed under the names Luger M80 and Charles Daly Hi Power. It was rebranded in a number of instances, not all of which made it to the United States or are well known. Some even became counterfeit BHP's.  I have seen a photo of one marked "Kassnar London" about which there is no information available, but it is a FEG P9. So the gun definitely got around. 

JayPee

I see. Thank you Sir.

BTW, mine is marked with Kassnar London.

www.handgunsandammunition.com/general-firearm-questions-discussions/11175-locating-center-gravity-mass.html

(see comment # 8 for close up and #10 response to a comment by abninftr)

[Deleted]

The Springfield Armory Hi Power consisted of a few prototypes made from FEG parts. I'd love to see Springfield Armory give the Hi Power the "Loaded" treatment.

Attachments:

[sistema1927]

More and more this is becoming the repository of BHP knowledge.

I occasionally go over to the "other place", and one theme I see in the BHP sub-forum is the comment "one of the experts will be along soon". If they only knew what they tossed away.

[jaypee]

We're desperately trying to make it such, Systema. It just takes a little time but I have every confidence we'll get there fairly soon. With the bunch we have here it's hard to go wrong.

JayPee

[Mister Coffee]

Jun 29, 2017 13:15:36 GMT -5 sistema1927 said:

More and more this is becoming the repository of BHP knowledge.

I occasionally go over to the "other place", and one theme I see in the BHP sub-forum is the comment "one of the experts will be along soon". If they only knew what they tossed away.

JayPee, et. al., are building a knowledge base here at highpowercollectors that is just remarkable — thorough, comprehensive, elegantly put together. I feel like I oughta dress better when I come here.


Keep up the good work, gentlemen.

[Deleted]

ARCUS 98:

I would respectfully take exception to this statement: "The later Arcus 98DA has been described as a Browning Hi Power clone with a double action trigger system dropped in..."

Described as such by whom exactly - somebody with lack of English skills when it comes to words like "clone" or "copy"?  The Arcus 98DA shares exactly NO interchangeable parts in common with the Hi Power. If one includes the Arcus 98DA in the clone category, then what next - the double action FEGs? CZs? Including the 98DA in the "clone" or even "copy" category would be overly generous by any standard of measure.
Saying that it was "inspired by" the Hi Power might be accurate, but including it as a copy or clone strains credibility and is simply not accurate.

This may seem like nitpicking, but it's statements like this that get authoritatively repeated on other venues and takes on lives of their own - like the "FN MK I" nonsense found in the Wikipedia Hi Power article.

I think it's important, when writing a historical piece, avoid the temptation to change history instead of recording it.
Personally, whenever I read someone repeat all knowledgeably the Wikipedia "FN MK I" nonsense, I instantly recognize that the person making the statement has exactly zero genuine Hi Power knowledge of their own outside of Wikipedia.

I would hate to read something equally spurious at some time in the future knowing that it had originated here.

Attachments:

[jaypee]

The Arcus 98 DA is referred to as :"....a Bulgarian-made High Power copy, the ARCUS......." on page 309 of R. Blake Stevens' book entitled: "The Browning High Power Automatic Pistol."

It is referred to as: " This all-steel beast is made in Bulgaria. It’s basically a beefed-up, uglier Browning Hi-Power with a double action/single action trigger system dropped in." in an article in "The Truth About Guns.com" article dated December 6, 2016 by Dan Zimmerman. It is located at: www.thetruthaboutguns.com/2016/12/daniel-zimmerman/gun-review-arcus-98da/. This is an extensive review of the pistol in which the author centers much of his review around the similarity of this pistol with the BHP. The photographs displayed in the article show a strong similarity with the BHP design, especially the photo of the pistol field stripped.

In a Chuck Hawks article at the author, David Tong presents a review of the Arcus Model 98DA in which he makes such comments as: "..... The arm is an interesting mix of the old Hi Power and newer DA designs......" and
".....Constructed of CNC machined steel forgings, the pistol’s outward appearance is influenced by the older FN design. If one is familiar with the P-35, one can see the slide stop and thumb safety lever’s shape, the plate ejector that acts as the hammer’s left bearing surface, the pressed in, frame mounted barrel unlocking cam, the magazine release, split front and rear frame rails and the general outline of the slide is classic FN."

JayPee

[Deleted]

Sorry, but no way by any definition in the English language could the Arcus 98DA be considered a copy or a clone. R. Blake Stevens might be loose with his words, but I'd refer him to Webster's and ask him how he thought that the Arcus fit the definition he used.

As to Stevens, and to some extent Vanderlinden, it's pretty obvious from their writings that their interest in the Hi Power ended with the new fangled external extractor. In their newer "revised" editions, one gets the feeling that they were grudgingly obligated to upgrade their original books with some stuff on the newer versions to satisfy the publisher so they could put out a "New" book.
I forget how many extra pages were added to the "revised" book, but it's just a very few and a halfhearted effort at that. Certainly not worth the price of a new book.

As to Dan Zimmerman, whoever he might be, he obviously doesn't know squat about the subject because he extols about how he likes his $250 Arcus better that the Hi Power. I'd rather not get my firearms advice from a guy who judges a pistol mainly on a $250 price tag.
Has he ever owned a real Hi Power? He doesn't say. All we know about him is that he is some unknown quantity who posts opinions on the internet, which by some people's definition (mostly his own) makes him an expert. Has he read or studied the history or usage of the Hi Power? I think not. Has he posted any articles on the Hi Power and allowed them to be peer reviewed by others who might hold him to the facts? No.
Buying a website and posting opinions while copying bits and pieces of quotes from who knows where doesn't make the blogger an expert. A lot of it can be dumped into the Fake News category.

The author who stated that, '...the pistol's outward appearance is influenced by the older FN design." hit the nail right on the head. At least that guy know how to write.
While the Arcus 98DA is Hi Power-esque, it is not a Hi Power of any description.

I would like to think that when it comes to the the specific subject matter of the Hi Power and it's history, the average member here is head and shoulders above the average shooter in that knowledge.
Even if they're new, they are here because they have a specific interest in the subject that can't be addressed elsewhere. Using a bloggers and gun writers who know absolutely pimple zip about the Hi Power, but have decided to make it this month's topic of discussion, is exactly what a lot of members here are trying to get away from. We've been there, done that, and have realized ages ago that these self anointed "experts" have nothing to offer us here.

[submoa]

Jun 30, 2017 7:12:32 GMT -5 jaypee said:

The Arcus 98 DA is referred to as :"....a Bulgarian-made High Power copy, the ARCUS......." on page 309 of R. Blake Stevens' book entitled: "The Browning High Power Automatic Pistol."

It is referred to as: " This all-steel beast is made in Bulgaria. It’s basically a beefed-up, uglier Browning Hi-Power with a double action/single action trigger system dropped in." in an article in "The Truth About Guns.com" article dated December 6, 2016 by Dan Zimmerman. It is located at: www.thetruthaboutguns.com/2016/12/daniel-zimmerman/gun-review-arcus-98da/. This is an extensive review of the pistol in which the author centers much of his review around the similarity of this pistol with the BHP. The photographs displayed in the article show a strong similarity with the BHP design, especially the photo of the pistol field stripped.

In a Chuck Hawks article at the author, David Tong presents a review of the Arcus Model 98DA in which he makes such comments as: "..... The arm is an interesting mix of the old Hi Power and newer DA designs......" and
".....Constructed of CNC machined steel forgings, the pistol’s outward appearance is influenced by the older FN design. If one is familiar with the P-35, one can see the slide stop and thumb safety lever’s shape, the plate ejector that acts as the hammer’s left bearing surface, the pressed in, frame mounted barrel unlocking cam, the magazine release, split front and rear frame rails and the general outline of the slide is classic FN."

JayPee
WADR, I'm in total agreement with Mr. Burgs. Contrary to the opinions of some writers for gun rags…especially internet gun rags, pamphlets and...yes, even normally respected authors, the Arcus 98DA is most definitely not a High Power "copy". In fact, it doesn’t even fit within the definition of a High Power “copy” in the first paragraph of this very piece…unless we change the definition (“appears to be a copy of an original form”) of “clone”. There is nothing in the Arcus 98DA; design, operation and particularly overall appearance that is “copied” directly from the BHP. I would suggest a test used in determining whether something violates a patent or copyright; could the Arcus 98DA reasonably be confused…by an educated consumer, for an FN BHP? I think not.

As a further point…a major point IMHO, I would also suggest that the BHP is more than the sum of its parts…much more. It has a very definite “je ne sais quoi”…which the Arcus most definitely lacks. If that requires explanation …..

As far as the cites: I don’t know that I’ve read a gun rag article on the BHP…and I’ve read a few, that did not regurgitate previously published…often common, errors. The single recent exception would be those few published by Anthony Vanderlinden. Consequently, the opinions of such writers who obviously do not have extensive experience with the BHP in particular but have instead just relied upon others existing writings, mean nothing…to me anyway. As far as Mr. R. Blake Stevens; those of us who are enamored of the BHP owe a debt of gratitude to Mr. Stevens…we do and I’ve said so many times, BUT his expertise has always concerned the development and early/mid history of the BHP…not the more recent developments. Citing his inclusion of the Arcus 98DA in the Addendum only added in the 2014 Edition, should be taken with a grain of salt…similar to his misunderstandings that the T SNs ended in 1968…or 1969 if you believe an adjacent pic caption, the MkII was produced between “1983 and 1988”…or alternately a few pages later that the MkII was introduced in “the late 1970s”…there are others. We all make mistakes .

And, at the risk of appearing an FN BHP snob…though a snob probably wouldn’t own 11 FEG P9 based pistols and 3 FM pistols , I'll take it a step further; I don't consider the S/A only Arcus 94 a High Power “copy/clone” either…in spite of the internal parts. Why? See above.

On a side note; FWIW, there are published pics of the Indonesian Pindad; see Blake Stevens BHPAP pg. 264 and 265 and E.C. Ezells Small Arms of the World 12th Edition pg. 547 for starters. I handled one of several while training Detasemen Khusus 88 of the Indonesian National Police at their range facility just a few years ago. It was a typical…but well worn, pre 1960 pattern pistol…wish I’d taken a few pics.